Chlorine From Periodic Table of the Elements

Chlorine From Periodic Table of the Elements Atomic Number: 17 Symbol: Cl Atomic Weight: 35.4527 Discovery: Carl Wilhelm Scheele 1774 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p5 Word Origin: Greek: khloros: greenish-yellow Properties: Chlorine has a melting point of -100.98Â °C, boiling point of -34.6Â °C, density of 3.214 g/l, specific gravity of 1.56 (-33.6Â °C), with a valence of 1, 3, 5, or 7. Chlorine is a member of the halogen group of elements and directly combines with almost all of the other elements. Chlorine gas is a greenish yellow. Chlorine figures prominently in many organic chemistry reactions, particularly in substitutions with hydrogen. The gas acts as an irritant for respiratory and other mucous membranes. The liquid form will burn the skin. Humans can smell as low an amount as 3.5 ppm. A few breaths at a concentration of 1000 ppm is usually fatal. Uses: Chlorine is used in many everyday products. It is used for disinfecting drinking water. Chlorine is used in the production of textiles, paper products, dyes, petroleum products, medicines, insecticides, disinfectants, foods, solvents, plastics, paints, and many other products. The element is used to manufacture chlorates, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and in the extraction of bromine. Chlorine has been used as a chemical warfare agent. Sources: In nature, chlorine is only found in the combined state, most commonly with sodium as NaCl and in carnallite (KMgCl36H2O) and sylvite (KCl). The element is obtained from chlorides by electrolysis or via the action of oxidizing agents. Element Classification: Halogen Chlorine Physical Data Density (g/cc): 1.56 ( -33.6 Â °C) Melting Point (K): 172.2 Boiling Point (K): 238.6 Appearance: greenish-yellow, irritating gas. At high pressure or low temperature: red to clear. Isotopes: 16 known isotopes with atomic masses ranging from 31 to 46 amu. Cl-35 and Cl-37 are both stable isotopes with Cl-35 as the most abundant form (75.8%).Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 18.7 Covalent Radius (pm): 99 Ionic Radius: 27 (7e) 181 (-1e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.477 (Cl-Cl) Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 6.41 (Cl-Cl) Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 20.41 (Cl-Cl) Pauling Negativity Number: 3.16 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 1254.9 Oxidation States: 7, 5, 3, 1, -1 Lattice Structure: Orthorhombic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 6.240 CAS Registry Number: 7782-50-5 Interesting Trivia: Chlorine leaks in containers are detected using ammonia. Ammonia will react with the chlorine and form a white mist above the leak.The most common natural chlorine compound on Earth is sodium chloride or table salt.Chlorine is the 21st most abundant element in the Earths crustChlorine is the third most abundant element in the Earths oceansChlorine gas was used as a chemical weapon during World War I. Chlorine is heavier than air and would form a deadly layer in low-lying foxholes and trenches. References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.)

Semiotic Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Semiotic Analysis Paper - Essay Example Thus by making use of print media, the recruiter is also attempting to make use of this power to enforce new thoughts and replace stereotypes. The depth of semiotics can be determined by the impact they have â€Å"at the point of consumption† (Eagleton, 1983), so we need to evaluate the explicit cues in light of the context in which they appear. When we look at the purpose of the message we can infer that the it was meant to be delivered to a mass audience at the same time, for this purpose print media or out-of-home media can be very effective (Machin, 2004). The message uses visuals as well as text to attract the attention of a large audience towards the noble profession of nursing. As we perform the semiotic analysis of the image, we infer that the visuals in the image are just the tip of the iceberg; this image delivers a great deal of implicit meaning. Since the advertisement is designed to attract younger audience towards the nursing profession, it effectively makes use of semiotic elements in a very aesthetically pleasing manner to deliver the message. According to Nava, young people today are very perceptual towards advertising, so aside from differentiating the marketing element of an advertisement, treat advertisements as aesthetically pleasing objects (1992, pp 15-21). Signifiers There are a number of signifiers present in this image. The first signifier here is a man wearing green scrubs with a stethoscope around his shoulder. The nurse appears to be a middle-aged man of African origin who has a confident smile on their face. The back ground is blurred so more emphasis can be made on this signifier. The second signifier is a group of four smaller images on the bottom-right side. The images show nurses performing very critical and life-saving duties in healthcare. The nurses in these images are also male. The third signifier is the headline on the top right corner that says â€Å"My nurse is a Hero, he saved my life†. The text is writte n in all-caps in a large font and is in white colour so that it stands out from the image in the back ground. It is also written within inverted commas which show that it is a statement by a person. The fourth signifier is the sub-heading which says â€Å"Are you man enough to save a life?† this text is in smaller font and appears at the bottom of the four smaller images. This text too is in white but not in all-caps. It also appears between inverted commas which show that it is a stated question for the audience of the advertisement. The fifth signifier is the logo of the recruiter which appears at the bottom right corner of the image. It is placed in a footer which is blue so that the logo stands out. The Sign The sign in this image is a little complex. To start with when one thinks of the term nurse, almost inevitably the image of a woman appears. On the contrary the term â€Å"nurse† is not gender-specific; a nurse could be a man. Another sign in this picture is th at although the man is wearing stethoscope around his shoulders and wearing scrubs, we infer from the heading that he is a nurse and not a doctor. Most people relate stethoscopes to doctors and it becomes confusing when nurses are not wearing uniforms to distinguish them. Signified Presently women outnumber men a great deal in the nursing profession. This has little to do with their capabilities or lifestyles and more to do with the stereotypes of the profession. The term â€Å"male nurses† is as inappropriate as â€Å"

Improving quality and health system performance analyzing the Research Paper

Improving quality and health system performance analyzing the protection and affordable care act - Research Paper Example The different dimensions related to increase the effectiveness of health services are defined with the addition of financial disclosure and ethnic/social disparities. This research paper is aimed at providing deep analysis on the efficiency and improved quality delivered by the health care. To serve this purpose, The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, signed by President Obama is has been used. This act has the Public Law (111-148) and was passed by the members of Senate and United States of America House of Representatives in Congress Assembled. In order to build comparison the basic managed care components of improved quality and health system performance are evaluated on the basis of the act in addition to the challenges and positive/negative aspects. The Patient and Affordable Care Act is enacted to ensure the high-class yet reasonably priced health care facilities for all the inhabitants of United States of America. This act requires the active participation of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), especially the Secretary in order to institute a National Quality Strategy for increasing the efficiency of Health Care with the precedence towards guiding this endeavor while including a proper and well defined Strategic Plan which is based upon the guideline to achieve the aims and objectives of the plan (Congress, 2011). The Affordable Care Act will especially deal with the matters of consumers in the private sector health providing insurance companies by giving them new opportunities and coverage facilities for the individual and comparatively small business, expand the horizon of tax credits to middle and lower income Americans so as to provide them affordable health care services. Additionally it will also encourage the coordination, novelty, competence and the improved health care. These amendments are made on the basis of the on hand Legislation, for instance, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 2009

The Effects of the Harlem Renaissance to the Life of the Afro-Americans Essay Example for Free

The Effects of the Harlem Renaissance to the Life of the Afro-Americans Essay History tells us that the Blacks were initially known nothing but slaves in the United States. They have been introduced in the United States as slaves in the tobacco plantations and since then they have always been treated as inferior and subordinate to the White folks. â€Å"As dark-skinned people, African-Americans have identified themselves and been identified by others as different from first-class citizens. Their color stands for poverty and poverty’s stigma (Andersen 4). † There has been great effort for a few of them to resist this oppression among the Whites but they did not in any way succeed. They have become a subject of tortures, lynchings, and abuses. Their ways were seen as backward and not modern. The American Civil war was said to have ended slavery but never the oppression that goes along with it. After the abolition of slavery by the former President Braham Lincoln, the Blacks were no longer employed as slaves, laundrywomen, workers, and tenants to the White folks but they remained to be discriminated. They were not acknowledged as human beings. They were loathed. They were seen as different and not worthy of respect. As a consequence, they hated their color, their culture, and their origin. They were insecure of themselves. And while they weren’t able to gain respect from others, even more disheartening, is they did not gain respect for themselves (Andersen 285). These dire situations of the Black changed during the Harlem Renaissance and forward. While there are many black people who were lynched in the South and most African Americans were not allowed to exercise their right to vote as citizens of the United States, â€Å"the leaders of the Harlem Renaissance questioned the value of democracy for their people (Painter 193). † They encouraged the wealthy and the educated Whites to work with then in converting the racist ideologies of most of the White masses. They worked with their white allies and discovered a lot more talented African-American writers. They shepherded their works of literature to printing. For the first time in the history of the Blacks, major publishers agreed to bring out their works. The main objective as Jessie Fauset saw it was to â€Å"find our own beautiful and praise-worthy, an intense chauvinism that is content with its own types (Painter 194). † As established in the preceding paragraphs, the Harlem Renaissance drew out from the Negros all the necessary racial pride and connection among themselves in order to gain self-identity and eventually emancipation (Painter 189). What Hurtson has to do with it and all other Black American writers is the responsibility of providing a path for the advancement of racial consciousness through literature and the other arts. They publicize and romaticize the Black experience as unique in itself and something that is worthy of attention and appreciation. They have inculcated among the African-Americans the vitality of knowing themselves apart from what the Whites imposed upon them by looking back and deep into their cultures and origins. Through these efforts and endeavours by Hurtson and many other writers, they were able to weaken the demeaning stereotype that surrounded the Black ego since time immemorial and has made them realized their place in America as an independent and free group of people. Works Cited Andersen, Margaret and Taylor, Howard Francis. Sociology: Understanding a Diverse Society. Connecticut: Thomson Wardsworth, 2006. Campbell, Josie P. Student Companion to Zora Neale Hurtson. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001

The future of banana trading. :: Economics

The future of banana trading. Q1. Introduction. Latin America is situated in the southern part of America, on the equator, between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Lain America is in the prime location for growing bananas because of the countries tropical climate. Bananas grow where there is sun and rain all year round, so that they can fully develop. Looking at my climate graph I can see that it does rain all year and the temperature doesn't drop below 6 degrees. It has tropical heat and a rainy season between the months of January and April. In Latin America there are seven major exporters of bananas. They are Ecuador, Costa Rica, Colombia, Guatemala, Panama, Honduras and Nicaragua. Look at Figures 1, 2 and 3 for more information. Q2. Describing TNCs. A Transnational country is a company which operates in many different countries, regardless of their situation or financial difficulties. TNC's normally have their headquarters based in a developed country, whilst working their 'branched' factories in developing countries. The TNC's directly employ millions of people, but the work they do effects millions more. Many people feel that the TNC's exploit poor countries, whilst others say that the world economy depends on them. There are four major TNCs involved in the banana trade, they are Chiquita, Dole Food Co, Del Monte, and Fyffes. Â · Chiquita is based in Ohio, US it farms mainly in Honduras and Guatemala. Â · Dole Food Co is based in California, USA and farms in Costa Rica, Honduras, Ecuador and Colombia. Â · Del Monte is based in Florida and farms in Costa Rica and Guatemala. Â · Fyffes is based in Dublin, Ireland and farms in Belize, Guatemala. All of these TNCs import to the United States, Canada, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. Look at figures 4, 5 and 6 for more information. Q5. The Alternatives for the future. There are several companies who are trying to make things better for the future of banana trading they are COLSIBA, EUROBAN, IUF, US/LEAP, Fair Trade and many Internet sites and trade unions. All of these organisations are trying to meet one goal, and that is to help the banana workers improve their lives. They all do this by targeting different areas that are in need of improvement, COLSIBA for example try to improve working conditions by using trade unions, whilst Fair Trade concentrates on the financial difficulties and some of the environmental concerns. COLSIBA is the Co-ordination of Latin American Banana Workers' Unions, it represents 40 trade unions in 8 countries. COLSIBA was set up in 1993 so that it can respond better to the many problems that banana plantation workers face, all across the world's main exporting region.

Good sameritan essay Essay

Should being a Good Samaritan be a law? This is a question that many people do not think about everyday. In my opinion, I believe that there should not be a law on being a Good Samaritan. I believe this because; there should not be a law that causes human beings to put their lives at risk, only to save another’s. This may sound selfish but it is also the truth. Do you think its right for human beings to put their livea at risk to save anothers? The Good Samaritans USA are afraid to Act article states â€Å"They are imposing on us a duty to assist, provided we don’t put ourselves at risk.† (Sjoerdsma Paragraph 4) This means that if we have to be Good Samaritans then there is a chance that we are putting ourselves at risk. There is a chance that we could die. Therefore, there is a chance that there would be many deaths at a cause of this law. If you have a special relationship between the victims, then of course it would only be logical for you to help the person in need. For example, â€Å"certain people have a duty to take care of others†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Sjoerdsma Paragraph 9) This would be like between a doctor and a patient. Then it would be the doctor’s duty to make sure that the patient is taken care of. Also the article states â€Å"instead of compelling reluctant incompetent people to intervene, we should concentrate in protecting Good Samaritans who act now without force of law.† (Sjoerdsma Paragraph 6) Here we can clearly see that humans can be good people without law forcing them to do so. It would be better for all of the US to feel like they are doing a good deed by being a Good Samaritan rather than a requirement. Therefore, it shouldn’t be a requirement for US citizens to always be a hero and do an act of kindness. This law would put not only one life at risk but the lives of many others at risk.

A Comparison of Two Virtues Monica vs. Rebekah Essay

The saying is â€Å"Behind every great man is a great woman†, for Augustine and his mother Monica that became a definite conclusion. Without the affections of his mother Monica where would Augustine have ended up? Studies of women of noble virtues are revered and upheld by the Catholic Church as Saints. A very prime example of a woman of such virtue would be Monica or known in the Catholic sector as St. Monica. Monica is regarded as a woman of worth, a woman of prayer and tears. With grand virtues she is a loving and a patient wife and a wonderful mother to her children. As read in the book of Genesis, Rebekah is noted a mother who loved her sons as well but doted on Jacob more than Esau. Rebekah favored Jacob being her youngest twin and wanted†¦show more content†¦Second, Monica being given to Patricius for his hand in marriage, a pagan man, who did not have the same beliefs as herself. Patricius being a landowner, was the exact opposite of who Monica was, but yet th e love for her God and her love for the relationship she endured the circumstances. She poured her life into her religious works and her children; especially Augustine. That was her love and even when Augustine left home she prayed for him every day for his soul to be with God. She was more concerned with her son’s life then her own life and dealing with the tedious marriage that she refused to walk away from. A woman in marriage, Rebekah became afraid that her chance to have children was never going to happen. For 20 years she remained barren. Her husband Isaac prayed for her, and she became pregnant with twins, Jacob and Esau. Isaacs’s favorite son was Esau and Rebekah favorite was Jacob. She loved Jacob so that she wanted him to gain the family blessing, which basically push Esau to the side. Because Isaac had failing eye sight she planned a way to trick him into blessing Jacob. By making her son hairy like his brother, Rebekah knew that Isaac would feel this hair a nd the blessings would be Jacob’s. This trickery put the two brothers at odd with each other. Her love for her son almost cost Jacob his life because that is how enraged his brother was, but the love from the mother